Passage 4

 

1. (C) The phrase "this element" refers to the parent element, "uranium," mentioned in the previous sentence.

 

2. (A) A liquid or gas "seeps" or "leaks" through holes or cracks.

 

3. (A) According to paragraph 2, the health problems are caused by radon after it decays into its radioactive particles. If it has not had time to decay, radon is harmless.

 

4. (A) When a substance "disintegrates" or "breaks down," it changes from one state into its simpler component parts.

 

5. (C) According to the passage, heavy metals such as polonium, lead, and bismuth, which are products of the decay process of radon, are what cause health problems.

 

6. (A) "Unlike the radon... " - The radon progeny are the products that gather together as the radon disperses.

 

7. (B) According to paragraph 3, products of decay, especially alpha particles, are dangerous because they accumulate into concentrations instead of dispersing throughout the body. In these concentrations, they "cannot penetrate living tissue" and damage nearby cells.

 

8. (B) Radon is described as a decay product of uranium and, therefore, is a uranium daughter.

 

9. (B) It can be understood that radon is detectable because buildings are tested for the amount of radon that has accumulated.

 

10. (C) According to paragraph 6, a reduction of radon can be achieved by using concrete sealing and active ventilation systems.

 

11. (A) A "prudent" or "sensible" action is one which is wise under the circumstances.

 

12. The 3RD square. The phrase "But this research" refers back to the research on radon accumulation and cancer rates, and would follow the sentence mentioning this.

 

13. (B)(D)(F)

b    "Concentrations... " - After radon enters a building, its decay products form particles that can be breathed into the lungs.

d      "The by-product... " - The alpha particles, in particular, accumulate in the lung tissue and damage cells.

f       "Preventative measures... " - It is possible to reduce radon exposure, but some of the gas stays in the atmosphere.